Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is often the subject of debate, particularly with regard to its link with cancer. In 2024, research continues to shed light on the risks and benefits of HRT. This article aims to answer the most frequently asked questions on the subject, based on the latest scientific data.
What is hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?
Hormone replacement therapy is a treatment designed to compensate for the reduced production of hormones in post-menopausal women. HRT mainly uses oestrogen and progesterone to reduce menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats and osteoporosis.
Is hormone replacement therapy harmful to health?
The controversy surrounding HRT began with theWomen ‘s Health Initiative (WHI) study, which suggested an increased risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, these results have been largely debunked. Many of the risks associated with HRT have been reassessed and more recent research indicates that the benefits of HRT may far outweigh its risks, especially when started early after the menopause.
Does HRT increase the risk of cancer?
One of the biggest myths about HRT is its link with cancer, particularly breast cancer. Studies show that oestrogen alone does not increase the risk of breast cancer. On the other hand, combined oestrogen and progesterone therapy may slightly increase the risk of breast cancer after more than seven years of use. However, this risk is comparable to other risk factors such as obesity.
What are the advantages of hormone replacement therapy?
The benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HR T) go beyond simply reducing menopausal symptoms. In fact, HRT offers a host of benefits that help to improve the overall health of menopausal women.
- Reduced risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures: The menopause leads to a reduction in oestrogen levels, which can weaken bones and increase the risk ofosteoporosis. HRT helps maintain bone density, thereby reducing the risk of fractures.
- Improved quality of life: Menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats and sleep disturbances can significantly affect quality of life. HRT can alleviate these symptoms, allowing women to return to a more comfortable daily life.
- Support for sexual health: The menopause can lead to reduced libido and pain during intercourse due to vaginal dryness. HRT can improve sexual health by increasing vaginal lubrication and reducing discomfort.
- Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease: Cardiovascular disease is a major concern after the menopause. HRT, when started early, can help protect against heart disease by improving cholesterol levels and preventing atherosclerosis.
- Prevention of neurodegenerative diseases: Studies suggest that HRT may have a protective effect against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and dementia, especially if treatment is initiated during the early stages of the menopause.
- Maintaining body composition: HRT can help prevent the accumulation of visceral fat and maintain a healthy body composition, which is often a challenge for post-menopausal women.
When should you start HRT?
It is often recommended to start HRT at the first signs of the menopause. Studies show that starting HRT early, particularly during the perimenopause, can offer the greatest benefits and reduce the risks associated with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
Who shouldn’t take HRT?
HRT is not recommended for all women. Contraindications include active liver disease, active heart disease, certain types of breast cancer and bleeding disorders. It is essential to discuss individual risks with a doctor before starting HRT.
Can HRT prevent other diseases?
Recent studies suggest that HRT can play a protective role against dementia and Alzheimer ‘s disease when started early. In addition, it may help maintain a healthier body composition by reducing the accumulation of visceral fat.
In 2024, knowledge about hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) has evolved considerably. Although certain risks remain, they are often comparable to other common risk factors. The benefits of HRT, particularly in terms of quality of life and prevention of certain diseases, can be significant, especially when started early. It is crucial to discuss all the options with a healthcare professional in order to make an informed decision.
