Naturopathy to treat and prevent pets’allergies

Naturopathy is a holistic approach to health that uses naturalmethods to promote well-being. It is increasingly used to treat and prevent various ailments in animals, including allergies.

What is an allergy?

An allergic reaction in pets, whether seasonal or food-related, is an excessive immune response to common allergens such as animal hair, certain foods or even chemicals. These allergens can cause symptoms such as skin rashes, runny noses and allergic rhinitis. Naturopathy, by focusing on natural methods such as the use of essential oils with anti-inflammatory properties, aims to better manage and in the long term combat allergies by helping to eliminate allergens and reduce allergy symptoms in pets.

How do allergies in dogs manifest themselves?

Allergies in dogs are characterised by a range of symptoms, depending on the allergen responsible. Sources of allergy include environmental allergens, food, insect bites and medication.

On theskin, allergic dermatitis is often observed, manifested by redness, itching (pruritus) and sometimes pustules. Affected dogs may lick or scratch excessively, exacerbating the inflammation.Otitis externa reflects inflammation of the outer ear, characterised by itching and increased wax production. Pododermatitis, inflammation of the paws, can also occur, mainly due to contact allergens.

In the gastrointestinal tract, vomiting and diarrhoea can occur in response to food allergens, sometimes accompanied by gas and bloating. Respiratory symptoms such as coughing, sneezing and runny nose are possible, although less common, simulating allergic rhinitis. As for the eyes, conjunctivitis is an inflammation causing redness, itching and discharge.

Anaphylactic reactions are rare but serious, with breathing difficulties and swelling of the face or extremities, requiring urgent veterinary intervention. These reactions require veterinary attention to diagnose the allergen responsible and provide appropriate treatment to relieve symptoms and prevent complications.

How do cat allergies manifest themselves?

Allergies in cats are triggered when the immune system overreacts to an allergen, often harmless, present in the environment, food or following parasite bites. These reactions can vary depending on the cause and affect various systems in the body, manifesting themselves mainly as :

• Skin symptoms: including allergic dermatitis(inflammation, redness, swelling, itching), hair loss (alopecia) due to licking and scratching, skin lesions (patches, scabs, scratch wounds), and otitis externa (inflammation of the ear), often linked to food or environmental allergies.
• Respiratory symptoms: less common, such as coughing, sneezing, and runny nose or eyes.
• Gastrointestinal symptoms: symptoms offood allergy may include vomiting, diarrhoea, gas, bloating and abdominal discomfort.
• Altered behaviour: increased licking, scratching or chewing of certain areas, restlessness, lethargy, and loss of appetite, especially if the allergy induces gastrointestinal pain.

It is crucial to consult a vet for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment as soon as symptoms appear, including elimination of the allergen, administration of medication, dietary changes and supportive skin care.

How do horse allergies manifest themselves?

Allergies in horses result from an exaggerated immune response to often harmless allergens. These reactions can affect various body systems, with symptoms varying according to the allergen, the route of exposure and individual sensitivity. Dermatological signs such asurticaria, allergic dermatitis andeczema are common, affecting the neck, back, stomach and limbs. Respiratory disorders, such asequine asthma, manifest as chronic coughing, breathing difficulties and exercise intolerance due to inflammation of the airways.

Ocular reactions can cause allergic conjunctivitis, with itching, redness and clear discharge. Food allergies are less common but can cause diarrhoea and colic. In rare cases, anaphylaxis may occur, requiring urgent veterinary intervention. Diagnosis includes clinical assessment, medical history, skin and blood tests. Treatment aims to minimise exposure to the allergen and may include medications such as antihistamines and corticosteroids, as well as, potentially,immunotherapy.

What are the most common allergies in pets?

Pet allergies are reactions of the immune system to substances that are often harmless. They can manifest themselves through symptoms such as itching, sneezing and digestive problems. Allergies in animals are immunological reactions to specific antigens called allergens. These reactions can be triggered by various factors, which are detailed below:

• Food allergies: Food allergies result from an immune reaction to specific proteins present in the animal’s diet. Substances such as beef, milk, wheat and soya can be responsible for these reactions. Symptoms can include gastrointestinal problems, itchy skin and respiratory problems.
• Pollen allergies: Pollens from different plants, trees and grasses can also trigger allergies in animals. Symptoms can range from mild irritation to severe reactions such as asthma.
• Allergies to house dust mites: Dust mites, particularly those found in house dust, can cause allergies in animals. Dust mites consume dead skin cells and are frequently found in bedding, carpets and furniture, where they can cause intense itching and chronic skin conditions.
• Chemical allergies: Certain chemicals present in the environment, such as detergents, perfumes and insecticides, can cause allergies in animals. The skin is often the first to react, leading to skin rashes and inflammation.
• Allergies to insect bites: Insect bites, particularly from fleas and mosquitoes, can also trigger allergic reactions. Reactions to insect saliva can lead to redness, swelling and persistent itching.
• Genetic factors and racial predisposition: Certain breeds of animal may be genetically predisposed to allergies. Understanding these predispositions can help in the diagnosis and treatment of allergies.

Focus on allergic diseases

Allergic-type diseases are a major concern in animal health, affecting a wide range of species including dogs, cats and horses. These pathological conditions, resulting from an overactive immune response to normally harmless substances, manifest themselves through a variety of symptoms that can significantly alter the quality of life of the animals concerned.

Emphysema in horses

Equine asthma, also known as emphysema, is a group of allergic respiratory diseases. These diseases have a major impact on the health and performance of horses. As the second main cause of poor performance, they highlight the need for early detection and effective management. This helps to improve the well-being of sport and race horses.

Emphysema in horses often results from exposure to allergens such as dust, mould and pollen. These allergens trigger chronic inflammation of the airways. There are two main forms of this disease. On the one hand,moderate equine asthma (MEA ) affects horses of all ages. It is characterised by occasional coughing and reduced tolerance to exercise.Severe equine asthma (SEA ) mainly affects older horses. This form is characterised by constant coughing, very sensitive bronchi and serious breathing difficulties at rest.

Emphysema is part of equine asthma. It shows a tendency towards allergies, with significant inflammation and blockage of the airways. Symptoms vary greatly, from simple discomfort to severe breathing problems. This shows that every animal reacts differently to environmental allergens.

Diagnosis ofequine asthma, includingemphysema, is based on several factors. It begins with a clinical examination. Airwayendoscopy follows. Next, a bronchoalveolar lavage is performed. These steps enableinflammation to be assessed and mucus to be detected. Management of this condition includes changes to theenvironment. The aim is to reduce contact with allergens. Medical treatment is also necessary. Its aim is to control inflammation and alleviate symptoms.

Recurrent summer dermatitis in equines

Summer dermatitis, also known as recurrent equine summer dermatitis (RESD), is a seasonal allergy affecting the skin of horses, triggered by the bites of insects such as flies, horseflies and, above all, midges of the Culicoides genus. This condition, marked by intense itching and skin inflammation, can lead to sores on the animal’s skin. Treatment is based on the use ofantiseptics and soothing lotions, but prevention remains the most effective strategy against this disease.

EERD is characterised by hypersensitivity to insect saliva, with symptoms exacerbated in the warmer months and subsiding in autumn. Affected areas mainly include the neck, the base of the tail and sometimes the ears. Papules and partial alopecia due to intensive scratching are common clinical signs. Progression to chronicity is possible, with lesions persisting into winter.

Prevalence varies from region to region, and may reach 1 in 10 horses in France, with particular susceptibility in certain breeds, such as Icelandic horses. Risk factors include a genetic predisposition and environmental conditions that favour the presence of Culicoides.

Diagnosis is based onclinical observation and may be supplemented by skin biopsy. Prevention involves reducing exposure to bites through measures such as the use of mosquito nets, keeping horses sheltered during periods of peak insect activity, and regular application ofinsecticides.

Canine atopic dermatitis

Canine atopic derm atitis is similar to human eczema. It is a skin inflammation of genetic origin. It affects 10% of dogs, often before the age of 3. The disease develops in flare-ups. It causes dry skin, red lesions and itching. Sometimes, pustules or thickening of the skin can also be observed. The areas most affected are the stomach, folds, spaces between the fingers, face and ears.

The major cause of this condition is a defect in the skin barrier. This leads to excessive water loss and makes it easier for allergens and microbes to penetrate. This triggers an inflammatory reaction. Although there is no cure, appropriate treatment can control the symptoms.

Symptoms, which generally appear between 6 months and 3 years of age, vary according to exposure to allergens and can be intensified depending on the season. Clinically, the disease is characterised by red patches, pruritus, papules and hair loss, mainly on contact and rubbing areas.

Predisposed breeds include Labradors, Golden Retrievers, French Bulldogs and others. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, age, and exclusion of other causes of itching, which can be confirmed by allergy testing.

Management involves eliminating allergens, using soothing shampoos, moisturising sprays and, under veterinary prescription, a hypoallergenic diet or medication to reduce inflammation and itching. Regular anti-parasite treatments and rigorous hygiene are essential to prevent attacks.

Potential complications include superinfections by bacteria or fungi. Although atopic dermatitis is a lifelong condition, proactive management can help maintain a satisfactory quality of life for affected dogs.

Flea allergy dermatitis

Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD ) is a common allergic reaction in cats and dogs, induced by flea saliva when bitten. This dermatological condition manifests itself as cutaneous hypersensitivity, leading to pruritus, red lesions and excoriations. In cats, the distinctive signs include scabs on the back and neck, and sometimes extensive alopecia or sores. In dogs, symptoms often occur in the dorsal-lumbar triangle, the back of the thighs and the flanks, with areas such as the head and toes rarely affected.

Diagnosis of DAPP is based on observation of the clinical symptoms, the areas affected and the presence of flea droppings, which show an orange colour on a moistened surface. Specific allergological tests are rarely performed, their usefulness being limited by a lack of specificity.

Treatment for DAPP is aimed at reducing inflammation and itching, involving the use of cortisone, local care (shampoos, sprays) to calm symptoms, and a three-pronged strategy to control fleas: elimination of parasites on the animal, treatment of other household pets, and environmental sanitation. Regular use of effective anti-parasite products is essential to prevent re-infestation.

The prognosis is often good, with improvements following treatment. However, the disease may return if fleas are not controlled or if preventive treatment is stopped. Prevention is essential. It requires rigorous environmental hygiene and regular anti-parasite treatment. This applies to the animal concerned and to all the other animals in the household. This reduces the risk of new infestation. The result is a better quality of life for the animal.

Naturopathic treatments for allergies

In this section, we’ll explore naturopathic treatments for allergies, a holistic approach that uses natural methods to relieve and prevent allergic symptoms.

Use of herbs

Medicinal plants can help soothe allergic symptoms. For example, nettle can be used to reduce itching and inflammation.

Plants, essential oils and herbs play a role in animal health. This holistic method treats allergies in dogs, cats and horses. For thousands of years, these natural remedies have been used to relieve allergic symptoms. They serve as an alternative or complement to conventional treatments.

Balms with essential oils are prized for their antiseptic, soothing and regenerating effects. Oils such as lavender, chamomile or tea tree are often chosen. It is important to dilute them in vegetable oils such assweet almond or coconutoil. Prepared in this way, they can soothe itching and help repair the skin. These oils also have the advantage of moisturising and nourishing the epidermis, strengthening the skin barrier against allergens.

Balancing your diet

Diet balancing is an integral approach to the treatment and prevention of allergies in animals. The foundation of this approach lies in an in-depth understanding of animal nutrition and its interaction with the immune system.

A well-balanced diet with the right nutrients plays a crucial role in maintaining the animal’s overall health. Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals need to be provided in adequate quantities and appropriate proportions. Proteins are often the cause of food allergies in animals. Selecting hypoallergenic and easily digestible protein sources can reduce the animal’s sensitivity to certain allergies.

A good balance of fibre in the diet helps to maintain healthy digestion, which is essential for optimal absorption of nutrients and boosting the immune system. Vitamins and minerals play a key role in immune function. A deficiency in certain micronutrients can weaken the immune system and make the animal more vulnerable to allergies.

Identifying and eliminating potential food allergens is crucial. This may require specific allergy tests to determine individual sensitivities. In some cases, the use of specific nutritional supplements, such as omega-3 fatty acids, can help modulate the immune response and reduce the inflammation associated with allergies.

Probiotics and Allergies

Probiotics are beneficial live micro-organisms that play an important role in the prevention and management of allergies in dogs, cats and horses by helping to balance the intestinal microflora. This is crucial because an imbalance in this microflora, known as dysbiosis, can affect the immune system and increase susceptibility to allergic reactions.

Intestinal health is intrinsically linked to immune function. Probiotics help to balance the intestinal flora, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic micro-organisms and promoting digestive health. Probiotics can strengthen the intestinal barrier, preventing allergens from entering the bloodstream.

Probiotics can modulate the immune response . They can reduce systemic inflammation by inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines, which are often involved in allergic reactions. They can also stimulate innate immunity, increasing the body’s resistance to environmental allergens.

Although the use of probiotics in the management of allergies in pets and horses is promising, it is important to note that not all probiotics are created equal. The specific strain, dose and duration of treatment can affect the effectiveness of the probiotic. It is therefore advisable to consult a vet for personalised advice on the choice and use of probiotics for animals suffering from allergies.

Practical advice

Allergy prevention starts with taking simple but effective preventive measures. Here are a few practical tips:

• Maintaining good hygiene: Keeping your pet clean and well-groomed can reduce the amount of allergens present on its skin and coat. Using hypoallergenic shampoos and brushing regularly can help.
• Avoiding known allergens: When a pet has specific allergies, it is imperative to avoid exposure to these allergens. This can include eliminating certain foods or using non-irritating household products.
• Parasite control: Parasites such as fleas can trigger allergies. Regular monitoring and the use of appropriate anti-parasite treatments can prevent these reactions.
• General health monitoring: Regular monitoring of the animal’s health allows early detection of signs of allergies, facilitating early and effective intervention.
• Importance of the environment: The pet’s living environment plays a crucial role in allergy prevention. Here’s how:
• Regular cleaning: Keeping the environment clean by removing dust, dust mites and other potential allergens can significantly reduce the risk of allergies.
• Choice of bedding and household products: Using hypoallergenic materials for bedding and household products without harsh chemicals can minimise exposure to allergens.
• Air quality: Regular maintenance of ventilation systems and the use of air purifiers can improve indoor air quality, thereby reducing airborne allergens.
• Plants and gardens: Certain types of plant can be allergenic to animals. Careful selection and placement of plants can help prevent these allergies.