Welcoming a puppy into your life means offering more than just a loving home. It also means taking charge of their health from day one to ensure the best possible start in life. A healthy puppy is one that is properly monitored, well-fed, protected from infection, and receives care adapted to its age.
From the moment your puppy arrives home, a veterinary visit is essential. It helps assess the puppy’s general health (temperature, heart, teeth, coat condition) and initiates the vaccination schedule. Vaccines protect against serious viral illnesses such as parvovirus, distemper, leptospirosis, kennel cough, and rabies.
Initial vaccinations begin around eight weeks of age, followed by boosters every three to four weeks. Annual boosters are recommended to maintain strong immunity, especially if the puppy is in contact with other animals or frequents parks, kennels, or puppy schools.
Internal parasites (like roundworms and tapeworms) are common in puppies and can impact growth, digestion, and energy levels. A regular deworming schedule is vital from an early age to eliminate them effectively.
External parasites (fleas, ticks, mites) can cause intense itching, allergic reactions, and transmit serious diseases such as Lyme disease or babesiosis. Administer age-appropriate antiparasitic treatments regularly, including spot-ons, sprays, or chewables, as recommended by your vet.
Teaching hygiene routines early helps prevent infections and makes future grooming easier. Brushing the coat regularly helps keep the skin healthy and allows early detection of skin problems or parasites.
Dental hygiene starts with the eruption of permanent teeth. Use a soft toothbrush and dog-safe toothpaste to prevent tartar buildup and gingivitis. Clean the ears weekly, especially in breeds with floppy ears prone to infection. Claw trimming should be done when needed to avoid posture issues or discomfort when walking.
Digestive issues are frequent in young puppies. Vomiting, diarrhea, bloating, and flatulence can stem from diet changes, internal parasites, stress, or ingesting inappropriate items.
A single mild episode of diarrhea may resolve on its own with a bland diet and rest. However, repeated vomiting, bloody stools, lethargy, or refusal to eat warrant immediate veterinary attention.
A puppy’s skin is delicate and reacts easily to allergens, parasites, or infections. Watch for signs such as:
Veterinary diagnosis is key to identifying the cause and determining appropriate care: antiparasitic treatment, hypoallergenic food, medicated shampoos, or topical/antibiotic therapy.
Rapid growth, especially in large breed puppies, can lead to joint stress and skeletal imbalances. Warning signs include limping, reluctance to play, or difficulty standing.
Preventive steps include balanced puppy food, limited high-impact activity, and regular check-ups to monitor bone development. Early detection of conditions like hip dysplasia or panosteitis can help avoid long-term damage.
Puppies are prone to respiratory infections, especially in groups or kennels. Common signs include:
Mild infections may resolve with rest, but others require treatment. Vaccination against kennel cough is strongly advised if your puppy socializes or stays in group care.
Exploring the world with their mouth and paws makes puppies prone to domestic accidents. These include swallowing foreign objects, chewing electrical wires, ingesting toxic foods (chocolate, grapes), or falling from furniture.
To prevent injury:
A puppy-safe environment is key to their safety and confidence as they explore.
When should a puppy receive its first vaccinations?
At eight weeks of age, with boosters every three to four weeks until around sixteen weeks. Annual boosters then help maintain strong immunity. Vaccination protects against serious and often deadly diseases.
How often should I deworm my puppy?
Start at two weeks old, then every two weeks until three months, once a month until six months, and then quarterly. Follow your vet’s recommendations based on lifestyle and exposure risk.
What signs suggest that a puppy is unwell?
Lack of appetite, fatigue, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, coughing, limping, or persistent scratching should raise concern. Any abrupt change in behavior or appearance warrants a veterinary check-up.
Can I bathe my puppy with regular shampoo?
No. Always use a veterinary-grade puppy shampoo, specially formulated with a neutral pH. Bathe no more than once a month unless advised otherwise, and ensure proper drying, especially in the ears.
Why does my puppy have bad breath?
Mild odor can be normal during teething. Persistent or foul breath may indicate dental disease or digestive issues. Introduce tooth brushing early and consult a vet if the smell worsens or is accompanied by inflammation.
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