Key points to remember about aromatherapy
- Aromatherapy uses essential oils extracted from aromatic plants.
- These concentrated extracts contain highly active natural molecules.
- Essential oils can have an effect on physical and emotional well-being.
- Their use requires caution and sometimes the advice of a healthcare professional.
- French regulations govern the use of certain essential oils.
What is aromatherapy and how does it work?
Aromatherapy is the therapeutic use of essential oils. This practice is part of a holistic approach to health that takes into account both the body and emotional balance. The term “aromatherapy” appeared in 1928. French perfumer and chemist René-Maurice Gattefossé popularised this concept after studying the properties of essential oils.
Essential oils contain highly active aromatic molecules. These natural compounds can therefore support certain bodily functions. For example, some oils have antiseptic, relaxing or anti-inflammatory properties.
These oils are extracted from different parts of the plant: leaves, flowers, bark, roots or seeds. Each essential oil therefore has a specific chemical composition.
What is the history of aromatherapy?
The use of aromatic plants dates back to ancient times. The civilisations of Egypt, China and India already used aromatic extracts in their medicinal and religious practices. The distillation of plants developed in the Middle Ages thanks to the alembic. This technique made it possible to obtain the first essential oils.
In the 20th century, several researchers structured modern aromatherapy. Doctor Jean Valnet studied the therapeutic use of essential oils. Then Pierre Franchomme introduced the concept of chemotype to better understand the chemical variations of the same plant species. This work helped to provide a scientific basis for contemporary aromatherapy.
What is an essential oil in aromatherapy?
An essential oil is a concentrated aromatic plant extract. According to the European Pharmacopoeia, it can be obtained by steam distillation, dry distillation or mechanical expression for citrus fruits.
This fragrant liquid contains a complex mixture of natural molecules. Some oils can contain several hundred different chemical compounds. These molecules play an important role in the biological properties of plants. They also contribute to their characteristic fragrance.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Essential oil | Concentrated aromatic extract obtained by distillation or expression |
| Hydrolate | Aromatic water produced by distilling a plant |
| Chemotype | Specific chemical profile of the same plant species |
How to choose a high-quality essential oil ?
The quality of an essential oil depends first and foremost on the botanical identification of the plant. The label must mention the full Latin name of the species. The extraction method also plays an essential role. Steam distillation remains the most widely used technique for preserving aromatic molecules.
The chemotype allows the precise chemical composition of an essential oil to be identified. This information helps to understand its properties and uses.
How should essential oils be stored?
Essential oils should be stored in a tightly closed bottle and protected from light in order to protect their sensitive molecules. Amber or blue glass bottles help preserve their properties.
The ideal storage temperature is between 5°C and 35°C. Bottles should be stored upright and out of the reach of children. The shelf life varies depending on the plant family. Citrus essential oils such as bergamot or lemon are more fragile and generally have a shelf life of around one year.
Other more stable oils, rich in phenols such as oregano or savory, can be stored for several years under the right conditions.
What is a hydrosol in aromatherapy?
A hydrosol is the aromatic water obtained during the distillation of a plant. It is also known as floral water.
During distillation, the water vapour carries away the plant’s aromatic molecules. After condensation, the liquid obtained separates into two phases: essential oil and distillation water. Hydrolat contains a small amount of water-soluble aromatic molecules. It therefore has a milder effect than essential oil.
For this reason, hydrolats are often preferred for children or sensitive individuals.
What is the regulatory framework for aromatherapy?
The regulation of essential oils depends on their use. A product may be classified as a medicine, cosmetic, food supplement or biocide.
In France, certain essential oils are only available from pharmacies in order to limit the risks of inappropriate use. The law of 30 June 1984 and the decree of 23 June 1986 regulate the distribution of several essential oils. A decree published in 2007 expanded the list of regulated substances. These rules ensure that consumers receive clear information and protect public health.
What precautions should be taken with essential oils?
Essential oils must be used with caution. Certain groups of people are at particular risk. Pregnant women, young children and certain animal species should avoid many essential oils. Do not apply pure essential oils to the skin. They often need to be diluted in a vegetable oil.
Avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes. If in doubt or if an unusual reaction occurs, it is recommended that you seek the advice of a healthcare professional.
Pharmacist’s advice on using aromatherapy
Essential oils are highly concentrated plant extracts. They should be used with caution. It is best to seek advice from a pharmacist or healthcare professional before use, especially for children, pregnant women or people with chronic conditions.
FAQ: Aromatherapy and essential oils
What is aromatherapy?
Aromatherapy is a branch of herbal medicine that uses essential oils extracted from aromatic plants to support physical and emotional health and well-being.
What are the main benefits of aromatherapy?
Aromatherapy is used to help reduce stress, promote better sleep, support the body’s natural defences and relieve certain skin and ENT disorders.
How are essential oils used in aromatherapy?
Essential oils can be used on the skin (diluted in a vegetable oil), diffused into the air, inhaled or, more rarely, taken orally, always in accordance with the precautions for use.
Is aromatherapy dangerous?
Essential oils are highly concentrated. Incorrect use can cause adverse effects. Seek the advice of a healthcare professional.
What is the difference between aromatherapy and phytotherapy?
| Aromatherapy | Phytotherapy |
|---|---|
| Extracts highly concentrated in active aromatic molecules.
Use essential oils derived from aromatic plants. |
Preparations are generally less concentrated.
Use the different parts of medicinal plants. |
| Used in diffusion, inhalation or diluted skin application. | Used in the form of herbal teas, capsules or extracts. |
| Requires special precautions. | Generally a gentler approach. |
