Childbirth is a physiological process that begins with various warning signs. Among them, uterine contractions become more frequent and painful, indicating the start of labor. These contractions, unlike Braxton-Hicks contractions, are regular and intensify over time. The loss of the mucus plug, a viscous discharge sometimes tinged with blood, can also signal imminent labor. Another key indicator is the rupture of the amniotic sac, which results in a leakage of amniotic fluid. If this happens, it is crucial to go to the maternity ward quickly to minimize the risk of maternal-fetal infection.
Childbirth occurs in three main successive phases. The first, called the latent phase, corresponds to the gradual dilation of the cervix up to 3-4 cm. This phase can last several hours, especially for first-time mothers. Next comes the active phase, during which dilation speeds up due to intense and closely spaced contractions. At 10 cm dilation, the expulsion phase begins: the mother feels an irrepressible urge to push, guided by the midwife or obstetrician. This stage usually lasts between 20 and 60 minutes. Finally, the delivery phase involves the expulsion of the placenta, which is essential to prevent postpartum hemorrhage.
After childbirth, the body undergoes a phase of intense recovery, requiring specific care. Lochia, postnatal bleeding, can last for several weeks and must be monitored to detect any signs of uterine infection. Milk production usually occurs between the 2nd and 4th day postpartum, sometimes accompanied by breast pain due to engorgement. Perineal rehabilitation, often recommended from six weeks postpartum, plays a key role in preventing urinary incontinence and strengthening pelvic muscles.
The early signs of childbirth include regular contractions, which are longer and more painful than Braxton-Hicks contractions, changes in the cervix, rupture of the amniotic sac, and increased pelvic pressure. If contractions occur every 5 minutes for 1 hour, it’s time to go to the maternity ward.
A first childbirth lasts on average between 10 and 20 hours, while subsequent deliveries can be shorter (6 to 12 hours). The longest phase is dilation, while the baby’s expulsion generally takes less than an hour.
The epidural is a regional anesthesia that significantly reduces labor pain. Its advantages include greater maternal comfort, reduced stress, and the ability to fully participate in the birth. However, it can prolong labor, increase the risk of hypotension, and requires close medical monitoring.
Yes, many women choose a natural childbirth without an epidural. Alternatives exist to manage pain, such as sophrology, hypnosis, warm baths, and acupuncture. Some maternity units offer physiological birth rooms equipped with birthing balls and bathtubs to encourage a more instinctive birth process.
A cesarean section, although safe, remains a surgical procedure with certain risks: infection, excessive bleeding, scar adhesions, and a longer recovery period compared to vaginal birth. It is generally recommended in cases of fetal distress, abnormal baby positioning, or cephalopelvic disproportion.
Perineal rehabilitation, often started six weeks after childbirth, is essential for strengthening the pelvic floor and preventing urinary incontinence or uterine prolapse. It involves specific exercises performed with a physiotherapist or midwife.
It is recommended to wait at least 6 to 8 weeks before resuming gentle physical activity (walking, postnatal yoga). More intense exercises, such as running, should be introduced gradually after perineal rehabilitation and with medical approval.
After birth, the baby is placed in skin-to-skin contact with the mother to promote bonding and thermal stabilization. A comprehensive neonatal examination follows, including Apgar scoring, weighing, and respiratory assessment. Regular medical follow-ups are necessary to monitor the infant’s growth and development.
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